May 28, 2005
obras nuclear
On Tuesday, Iran's military authorities announced that they would prosecute eight members of Britain's Royal Navy accused of straying into Iranian territorial waters close to the Iraqi border. The announcement dampened hopes in London for a swift resolution to the incident that occurred on Monday when Iran seized three British vessels and arrested their crews.
Iranian-British relations have always been sensitive, but the move was regarded as Iranian retaliation as it came shortly after Iran's nuclear and human rights files were sharply criticised by Europe's key trio: Britain, Germany and France.
On Sunday, the European Union gave Iran a tough rebuke over the Islamic republic's human rights record, despite a series of talks with Tehran. "The European Union continues to be gravely concerned at the continued and numerous violations of human rights in Iran," said a statement issued by Ireland, the current holder of the EU presidency. "These include unequal rights for women, the use of torture in prisons and other places of detention," read the statement.
The statement also pointed to the lack of an independent judiciary, the use of the death penalty, as well as reports of the continued use of cruel punishments among other issues. The discussions were the fourth round of an EU effort -- started in December 2002 -- to engage Tehran on human rights.
Iran hit back at the European Union on Monday saying the 25-member bloc could use lessons on human rights rather than criticise the Islamic republic. Angry comments came from Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi as he told Iran's official news agency IRNA that the criticism merely "indicates the Union's inability to accept transparent dialogue". He also pointed to what he deemed as failure to uphold the rights of minorities, discrimination against Muslims, Islamophobia and the non- observance of refugee rights in the EU. "During the talks, the EU's lack of attention to repeated human rights violations in the occupied Palestinian lands and Iraq was highly criticised," he added.
On Tuesday, Iran's military authorities announced that they would prosecute eight members of Britain's Royal Navy accused of straying into Iranian territorial waters close to the Iraqi border. The announcement dampened hopes in London for a swift resolution to the incident that occurred on Monday when Iran seized three British vessels and arrested their crews.
Iranian-British relations have always been sensitive, but the move was regarded as Iranian retaliation as it came shortly after Iran's nuclear and human rights files were sharply criticised by Europe's key trio: Britain, Germany and France.
On Sunday, the European Union gave Iran a tough rebuke over the Islamic republic's human rights record, despite a series of talks with Tehran. "The European Union continues to be gravely concerned at the continued and numerous violations of human rights in Iran," said a statement issued by Ireland, the current holder of the EU presidency. "These include unequal rights for women, the use of torture in prisons and other places of detention," read the statement.
The statement also pointed to the lack of an independent judiciary, the use of the death penalty, as well as reports of the continued use of cruel punishments among other issues. The discussions were the fourth round of an EU effort -- started in December 2002 -- to engage Tehran on human rights.
Iran hit back at the European Union on Monday saying the 25-member bloc could use lessons on human rights rather than criticise the Islamic republic. Angry comments came from Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi as he told Iran's official news agency IRNA that the criticism merely "indicates the Union's inability to accept transparent dialogue". He also pointed to what he deemed as failure to uphold the rights of minorities, discrimination against Muslims, Islamophobia and the non- observance of refugee rights in the EU. "During the talks, the EU's lack of attention to repeated human rights violations in the occupied Palestinian lands and Iraq was highly criticised," he added.
The statement came only days after the three key European powers co- sponsored a tough resolution at last week's meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna. The resolution belied alarming signals regarding the future of rapprochement between the EU and Iran. Progress on human rights and nuclear proliferation have been set by the EU as conditions for the possible development of closer relations with Iran, including trade deals.
The EU resolution "deplored" Iran's poor cooperation with the IAEA, saying that such cooperation "has not been as full, timely and provocative as it should have been". The resolution also noted that "a number of questions remain outstanding" since Iran's undeclared programme came to light.
Hassan Rowhani, Iran's top national security official and nuclear negotiator, refuted accusations that his country is covering up an undisclosed site next to a military complex in a Tehran suburb. "Excluding sites we have openly declared [to the IAEA] ... Iran has no other places for enriching uranium," Rowhani said. However, satellite photos show that several buildings were destroyed and topsoil was removed from a site at Lavizan Shiyan. This fueled US accusations that Iran was running a secret enrichment programme there.
The row between Iran and the EU contrasts sharply with what was described as a diplomatic victory for both the Iranians and the Europeans when the European trio was able to strike a deal last October to suspend the enrichment of uranium and to allow surprise inspections of Iran's reactors. The "confidence building package" was aimed at restoring international ease following revelations that Iran had kept sensitive nuclear research secret for nearly two decades. However, the deal was then described as a means to evade UN Security Council sanctions over Iran's nuclear programme and deny the US a pretext for escalating pressure on the Islamic republic.
Both sides now accuse each other of failing to respect their parts of the bargain. Britain, France and Germany have expressed annoyance that Iran is still making centrifuge parts despite pledging not to, while Iran is angry at the Europeans because they had pledged to help Iran normalise relations with the IAEA and close its case at last week's meeting if Tehran cooperated. Iran insists that it has met its obligations. Although enrichment is permitted under the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the IAEA had called on Iran to cease such activities while it sought to account for traces of highly enriched uranium found by inspectors and complete its evaluation of the Iranian nuclear programme.
Renowned Iranian analyst Mohamed Sadeq Al-Husseini agrees that this phase of negotiations is rife with confrontations between Iran and Europe. "Each side believes that it was let down by the other," Al-Husseini said. He explained that the European side believes that Iran let them down in its policy of "dialogue and constructive engagement" and that the Islamic republic is not doing much to get itself out of international isolation and "will thus fail to realise the EU's aspired strategic balance with the US". On the other hand, Al-Husseini believes that the EU is not abiding to its commitments and that they are "bowing to US pressures in their policies towards Iran".
Al-Husseini believes that both sides will be losers as a result of the confrontation. To his mind, the Europeans are the losers in the short term. "The European trio has a high trade balance with Iran. Any major confrontation will encourage Iran to turn to the east, towards China, Japan or Russia." However, he believes that Iran is the loser in the long-term as it will forfeit a strategic balance in its conflict with the US.
Iran, however, has checked its reaction. In a measured response, Iran said that it had no immediate plans to resume uranium enrichment, but said it might resume making parts for enrichment equipment. Iran also stressed that it will continue to work with the IAEA.
Angered by the tough IAEA resolution, Iran's first reaction was to reconsider its commitment to the suspension of enrichment activities. In a reaction to the IAEA resolution, Rowhani and other Iranian officials, including Iranian President Mohamed Khatami, reacted angrily on being slapped with yet more criticism from the UN's nuclear watchdog, saying that the Islamic republic's suspension of enrichment would be reviewed. But Rowhani later appeared to back away from the threat, saying that Iran had no intention of resuming enrichment "for the time being".
Al-Husseini described the Iranian dual reaction as a sort of "cooperation and rejection policy" which the Islamic republic exercises to send a tough message without sparking a major crisis. "Iran is trying to say that it is ready to cooperate but at the same time is trying to fight all pressures from the side of Europe, especially from London which Iran believes is working for the US interests."
Al-Husseini also noted that the Iranians do not want to spoil the whole issue with the Europeans. "Iran believes that it can communicate well with the Europeans," he said. He believes that the two main questions the IAEA wants Iran to answer, the sources of enriched uranium and the scope of Iran's P-2 centrifuge programme used to enrich uranium, are "not outstanding issues and can be resolved with the agency". He is also optimistic that the resolution did not set any deadlines for Iran or contain a trigger mechanism for its case to be sent to the UN Security Council for possible sanctions that the US desires. He also believes that part of the problem between the Europeans and Iran is the fact that "they [Europeans] rely on CIA reports which proved their failure in Iraq, Afghanistan and even Iran itself."
The US welcomed Friday's resolution. In fact, John R Bolton, US undersecretary of state, said it would hinder what he called Iran's efforts to "deceive and obstruct" agency inspectors. The US maintained its hard line approach and said it continues to believe that Iran has violated the nuclear NPT and should be taken before the UN Security Council for possible sanctions. This stance caused political observers to believe Iran's case in front of the IAEA was highly politicised. They cite the IAEA's admission on Thursday that it had made a mistake in saying in its report that Iran has failed to admit to the import of magnets for P-2 centrifuges after Iran produced, as evidence, a tape recording of an Iranian importer reporting the magnets to an IAEA inspector.
Fahmy Howeidy, an Egyptian expert on Iran, believes that the real confrontation is between Iran and the US and that the latter is using Europe and the IAEA as tools "to twist Iran's arms". According to Howeidy, Europe sees the US a natural ally and follows its foreign policy in the Middle East as long as it does not collide with its own interests. "Despite some differences that might surface between the two powers, the US is the future and natural ally of Europe and they [Europeans] are not ready to lose the US over Middle East issues in Palestine, Iran or even Afghanistan."
The main issue that causes friction between the US and Iran now is the situation in Iraq. The US knows that Iran has a great influence on the Shia majority in Iraq and is thus pressing the Islamic republic to use that influence to benefit US interests. According to observers, Iran's rejection of some US demands has led the US to pressure Iran with regard to nuclear and human rights issues.
One of the issues that the US is pressing Iran for help with, according to Howeidy, is controlling the power of Iraqi Shia leader Moqtada Al-Sadr. "The US perceives that Moqtada Al- Sadr has strong connections with the Iranians so they are hoping that Iran play a role in alleviating this headache," Howeidy explained.
The US is also pressing Iran to extradite some members of Al-Qaeda who have been arrested in the country. Howeidy believes that despite the escalating tension between Iran, the US and Europe, the situation is not likely to blow up anytime soon. "The Iranians know that the US, with its quagmire in Iraq and its preparation for the elections, cannot deliver more than threats. Until the end of elections both countries will maintain their state of pull and push," Howeidy said.
Text By Rasha Saad
: : : Aerosyn-Lex : : : 03:28 AM | Comments (3)
word of god
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Nunc posuere blandit quam. Curabitur ipsum orci, condimentum ut, bibendum non, placerat a, est. Praesent orci. Nullam ligula erat, euismod eu, egestas a, porttitor vel, purus. Pellentesque porta libero at urna. Nulla laoreet dui vitae ante. Sed vitae lectus at elit viverra elementum. Etiam varius, dui ut imperdiet porttitor, dui quam vulputate lorem, eget gravida felis est vel massa. Quisque nonummy porttitor nisl. Pellentesque vehicula euismod elit. In pretium, lorem ac semper pellentesque, tellus erat convallis dui, consectetuer blandit massa mi quis velit.
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Nunc posuere blandit quam. Curabitur ipsum orci, condimentum ut, bibendum non, placerat a, est. Praesent orci. Nullam ligula erat, euismod eu, egestas a, porttitor vel, purus. Pellentesque porta libero at urna. Nulla laoreet dui vitae ante. Sed vitae lectus at elit viverra elementum. Etiam varius, dui ut imperdiet porttitor, dui quam vulputate lorem, eget gravida felis est vel massa. Quisque nonummy porttitor nisl. Pellentesque vehicula euismod elit. In pretium, lorem ac semper pellentesque, tellus erat convallis dui, consectetuer blandit massa mi quis velit.
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Mauris felis sapien, vehicula eget, fermentum ut, ullamcorper et, massa. Ut nibh velit, congue eu, varius et, imperdiet scelerisque, ipsum. Duis dictum sem et orci. Vivamus nec turpis non ante aliquet venenatis. Aliquam et metus. Morbi lobortis, leo nec mattis condimentum, nisl mi pharetra eros, eu elementum tellus dui ut lacus. Proin nulla ipsum, blandit a, blandit quis, nonummy at, metus. Aliquam ligula urna, ultrices ut, tempus sed, feugiat sit amet, dui. Integer sodales, nulla auctor aliquam mattis, wisi mi pretium mi, at tincidunt orci lectus ac dui. Aenean a augue. Integer elementum nulla sit amet purus.
Nunc in nunc ut turpis tincidunt lobortis. Donec varius. Mauris porttitor tortor id ligula. Duis ac nulla. Pellentesque iaculis tempus magna. Phasellus non sem. Nulla facilisi. Donec varius auctor pede. Quisque dignissim lorem eu quam. Phasellus volutpat commodo quam.
Nunc posuere blandit quam. Curabitur ipsum orci, condimentum ut, bibendum non, placerat a, est. Praesent orci. Nullam ligula erat, euismod eu, egestas a, porttitor vel, purus. Pellentesque porta libero at urna. Nulla laoreet dui vitae ante. Sed vitae lectus at elit viverra elementum. Etiam varius, dui ut imperdiet porttitor, dui quam vulputate lorem, eget gravida felis est vel massa. Quisque nonummy porttitor nisl. Pellentesque vehicula euismod elit. In pretium, lorem ac semper pellentesque, tellus erat convallis dui, consectetuer blandit massa mi quis velit.
: : : Aerosyn-Lex : : : 03:27 AM | Comments (0)
May 27, 2005
solo en dios
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Proin a magna. Proin pretium convallis turpis. Sed vel eros ac risus eleifend rhoncus. Sed blandit, ipsum ac elementum sodales, est diam tincidunt enim, eget lobortis wisi diam et nulla. Sed varius leo id tellus. Nullam a metus. Donec commodo dolor eget nibh. Quisque condimentum dolor sit amet ligula. Nulla tempus facilisis enim. Aenean non orci quis pede tempus tincidunt. Mauris nisl. Proin non sem. Suspendisse vitae urna ac erat lobortis semper. Quisque gravida, arcu in congue egestas, mi metus malesuada magna, fermentum facilisis tellus turpis vel ipsum. Duis risus erat, laoreet in, aliquam vel, blandit et, ipsum. Pellentesque arcu lectus, ullamcorper a, dapibus ac, iaculis sit amet, mi. Etiam vehicula. Curabitur sed dolor vitae velit consectetuer sollicitudin. Quisque auctor erat ut dolor. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Mauris felis sapien, vehicula eget, fermentum ut, ullamcorper et, massa. Ut nibh velit, congue eu, varius et, imperdiet scelerisque, ipsum. Duis dictum sem et orci. Vivamus nec turpis non ante aliquet venenatis. Aliquam et metus. Morbi lobortis, leo nec mattis condimentum, nisl mi pharetra eros, eu elementum tellus dui ut lacus. Proin nulla ipsum, blandit a, blandit quis, nonummy at, metus. Aliquam ligula urna, ultrices ut, tempus sed, feugiat sit amet, dui. Integer sodales, nulla auctor aliquam mattis, wisi mi pretium mi, at tincidunt orci lectus ac dui. Aenean a augue. Integer elementum nulla sit amet purus.
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Nunc posuere blandit quam. Curabitur ipsum orci, condimentum ut, bibendum non, placerat a, est. Praesent orci. Nullam ligula erat, euismod eu, egestas a, porttitor vel, purus. Pellentesque porta libero at urna. Nulla laoreet dui vitae ante. Sed vitae lectus at elit viverra elementum. Etiam varius, dui ut imperdiet porttitor, dui quam vulputate lorem, eget gravida felis est vel massa. Quisque nonummy porttitor nisl. Pellentesque vehicula euismod elit. In pretium, lorem ac semper pellentesque, tellus erat convallis dui, consectetuer blandit massa mi quis velit.
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: : : Aerosyn-Lex : : : 04:16 AM | Comments (2)
May 21, 2005
blessing the masses
From the very first, upon Our elevation to the chief Apostleship, We gladly turned our mind and energies and directed all our thoughts to those matters which concerned the preservation of a pure liturgy, and We strove with God's help, by every means in our power, to accomplish this purpose. For, besides other decrees of the sacred Council of Trent, there were stipulations for Us to revise and re-edit the sacred books: the Catechism, the Missal and the Breviary. With the Catechism published for the instruction of the faithful, by God's help, and the Breviary thoroughly revised for the worthy praise of God, in order that the Missal and Breviary may be in perfect harmony, as fitting and proper - for its most becoming that there be in the Church only one appropriate manner of reciting the Psalms and only one rite for the celebration of Mass - We deemed it necessary to give our immediate attention to what still remained to be done, viz, the re-editing of the Missal as soon as possible.
Hence, We decided to entrust this work to learned men of our selection. They very carefully collated all their work with the ancient codices in Our Vatican Library and with reliable, preserved or emended codices from elsewhere. Besides this, these men consulted the works of ancient and approved authors concerning the same sacred rites; and thus they have restored the Missal itself to the original form and rite of the holy Fathers. When this work has been gone over numerous times and further emended, after serious study and reflection, We commanded that the finished product be printed and published as soon as possible, so that all might enjoy the fruits of this labor; and thus, priests would know which prayers to use and which rites and ceremonies they were required to observe from now on in the celebration of Masses.
From the very first, upon Our elevation to the chief Apostleship, We gladly turned our mind and energies and directed all our thoughts to those matters which concerned the preservation of a pure liturgy, and We strove with God's help, by every means in our power, to accomplish this purpose. For, besides other decrees of the sacred Council of Trent, there were stipulations for Us to revise and re-edit the sacred books: the Catechism, the Missal and the Breviary. With the Catechism published for the instruction of the faithful, by God's help, and the Breviary thoroughly revised for the worthy praise of God, in order that the Missal and Breviary may be in perfect harmony, as fitting and proper - for its most becoming that there be in the Church only one appropriate manner of reciting the Psalms and only one rite for the celebration of Mass - We deemed it necessary to give our immediate attention to what still remained to be done, viz, the re-editing of the Missal as soon as possible.
Hence, We decided to entrust this work to learned men of our selection. They very carefully collated all their work with the ancient codices in Our Vatican Library and with reliable, preserved or emended codices from elsewhere. Besides this, these men consulted the works of ancient and approved authors concerning the same sacred rites; and thus they have restored the Missal itself to the original form and rite of the holy Fathers. When this work has been gone over numerous times and further emended, after serious study and reflection, We commanded that the finished product be printed and published as soon as possible, so that all might enjoy the fruits of this labor; and thus, priests would know which prayers to use and which rites and ceremonies they were required to observe from now on in the celebration of Masses.
Let all everywhere adopt and observe what has been handed down by the Holy Roman Church, the Mother and Teacher of the other churches, and let Masses not be sung or read according to any other formula than that of this Missal published by Us. This ordinance applies henceforth, now, and forever, throughout all the provinces of the Christian world, to all patriarchs, cathedral churches, collegiate and parish churches, be they secular or religious, both of men and of women - even of military orders - and of churches or chapels without a specific congregation in which conventual Masses are sung aloud in choir or read privately in accord with the rites and customs of the Roman Church. This Missal is to be used by all churches, even by those which in their authorization are made exempt, whether by Apostolic indult, custom, or privilege, or even if by oath or official confirmation of the Holy See, or have their rights and faculties guaranteed to them by any other manner whatsoever.
This new rite alone is to be used unless approval of the practice of saying Mass differently was given at the very time of the institution and confirmation of the church by Apostolic See at least 200 years ago, or unless there has prevailed a custom of a similar kind which has been continuously followed for a period of not less than 200 years, in which most cases We in no wise rescind their above-mentioned prerogative or custom. However, if this Missal, which we have seen fit to publish, be more agreeable to these latter, We grant them permission to celebrate Mass according to its rite, provided they have the consent of their bishop or prelate or of their whole Chapter, everything else to the contrary notwithstanding.
All other of the churches referred to above, however, are hereby denied the use of other missals, which are to be discontinued entirely and absolutely; whereas, by this present Constitution, which will be valid henceforth, now, and forever, We order and enjoin that nothing must be added to Our recently published Missal, nothing omitted from it, nor anything whatsoever be changed within it under the penalty of Our displeasure.
We specifically command each and every patriarch, administrator, and all other persons or whatever ecclesiastical dignity they may be, be they even cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, or possessed of any other rank or pre-eminence, and We order them in virtue of holy obedience to chant or to read the Mass according to the rite and manner and norm herewith laid down by Us and, hereafter, to discontinue and completely discard all other rubrics and rites of other missals, however ancient, which they have customarily followed; and they must not in celebrating Mass presume to introduce any ceremonies or recite any prayers other than those contained in this Missal.
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